On-chain vs Off-chain
AdPriva validates in milliseconds, audits for decades combining off-chain speed with on-chain integrity.
Every Consent Receipt, Engagement Proof and Snapshot is verified off-chain in real time, then batch-anchored on-chain for tamper-evident accountability.
Off-chain Validation (Default)
Purpose → Real-time traffic validation at internet scale.
How it works → Proof Engine + Validation Layer verify views and clicks instantly.
Features:
→ Millisecond-level validation for live traffic.
→ Scales to millions of events per second with negligible latency.
→ Lightweight cryptographic receipts logged in the AdPriva Explorer.
→ Built-in fraud detection: bot filtering, replay protection, anomaly detection.
On-chain Anchoring (Tamper Evidence)
Purpose → Immutable audit trails without flooding the chain with raw event data.
How it works → Validated proofs aggregated into Merkle roots, then anchored periodically (e.g., hourly/daily).
Features:
→ Batch anchoring reduces gas costs.
→ Verifiable linkage: any proof ID can be checked against its anchored Merkle root.
→ Public, tamper-evident records for compliance, disputes and audits.
Comparison
| Dimension | Off-chain (default) → | On-chain (anchored) → |
|---|---|---|
| Speed | Instant, real-time validation | Periodic batch anchoring |
| Cost | Negligible | Gas fees (amortized via batching) |
| Scalability | Millions of events per second | Anchors summaries, not raw data |
| Auditability | Explorer + internal validation | Immutable blockchain reference |
| Use Case | Real-time validation & fraud filtering | Compliance, audits, accountability |
Why This Hybrid Model Works
- Users → Stay private (no personal data ever on-chain).
- Publishers → Get instant, verifiable proof their traffic is genuine.
- Auditors → Get audit-ready certificates with on-chain references.
- Regulators → Access cryptographic evidence anchored immutably for accountability.
This hybrid model ensures speed for today’s market and tamper-evident trust for tomorrow’s audits delivering both performance and transparency.
{% @mermaid/diagram content="flowchart TD
A\[Engagement Event: View, Click]
B\[Proof Engine: Generate Cryptographic Proof]
C\[Off-chain Validation: Real-time Checks]
D\[AdPriva Explorer: Public Proofs]
E\[On-chain Anchoring: Merkle Root Batch]
F\[Blockchain: Immutable Reference]
A --> B
B --> C
C --> D
C --> E
E --> F" %}