On-chain vs Off-chain
AdPriva validates in milliseconds, audits for decades combining off-chain speed with on-chain integrity.
Every Consent Receipt, Engagement Proof and Snapshot is verified off-chain in real time, then batch-anchored on-chain for tamper-evident accountability.
Off-chain Validation (Default)
Purpose → Real-time ad delivery at internet scale.
How it works → Proof Engine + Validation Layer verify impressions, clicks and conversions instantly.
Features:
→ Millisecond-level validation for live campaigns.
→ Scales to millions of events per second with negligible latency.
→ Lightweight cryptographic receipts logged in the AdPriva Explorer.
→ Built-in fraud detection: bot filtering, replay protection, anomaly detection.
On-chain Anchoring (Tamper Evidence)
Purpose → Immutable audit trails without flooding the chain with raw event data.
How it works → Validated proofs aggregated into Merkle roots, then anchored periodically (e.g., hourly/daily).
Features:
→ Batch anchoring reduces gas costs.
→ Verifiable linkage: any proof ID can be checked against its anchored Merkle root.
→ Public, tamper-evident records for compliance, disputes and audits.
Comparison
| Dimension | Off-chain (default) → | On-chain (anchored) → |
|---|---|---|
| Speed | Instant, real-time validation | Periodic batch anchoring |
| Cost | Negligible | Gas fees (amortized via batching) |
| Scalability | Millions of events per second | Anchors summaries, not raw data |
| Auditability | Explorer + internal validation | Immutable blockchain reference |
| Use Case | Real-time delivery & fraud filtering | Compliance, audits, accountability |
Why This Hybrid Model Works
- Users → Stay private (no personal data ever on-chain).
- Publishers → Receive instant payouts backed by validated proofs.
- Advertisers → Get audit-ready certificates with on-chain references.
- Regulators → Access cryptographic evidence anchored immutably for accountability.
This hybrid model ensures speed for today’s market and tamper-evident trust for tomorrow’s audits delivering both performance and transparency.
{% @mermaid/diagram content="flowchart TD
A\[Ad Event: View, Click, Conversion]
B\[Proof Engine: Generate Cryptographic Proof]
C\[Off-chain Validation: Real-time Checks]
D\[AdPriva Explorer: Public Proofs]
E\[On-chain Anchoring: Merkle Root Batch]
F\[Blockchain: Immutable Reference]
G\[Settlement: Stablecoin Payouts]
A --> B
B --> C
C --> D
C --> E
E --> F
C --> G" %}